Table 4 Basic neurological concepts for the clinical evaluation of patients with myopathies (Bertorini 2022; Jackson and Bahron 2013; Pasnoor and Dimachkie 2019)
From: Essential neuromuscular advice for pathologists (first of two parts)
Categories of clinical signs | Clinical findings |
|---|---|
Myopathy positive signs | cramps, joint contractures, muscle hypertrophy, myalgia, myoglobinuria, stiffness |
Myopathy negative signs | exercise intolerance, fatigue, muscle atrophy, weakness |
Neuromuscular junction disorder signs | ptosis, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, dyspnea, dysarthria, weakness in extremities, fatigue, other (vision abnormalities in botulism, paresthesia in Lambert-Eaton myasthenia) |
Gowers´s sign or Gowers maneuvre | using the hands and arms to rise from a sitting position (characteristic of muscular dystrophies with proximal weakness) |