Fig. 5

Normal Muscle imaging in the evaluation of myopathies (modified from Drake et al. 2021, and personal files). a planes for examination: coronal plane is a vertical plane (green polygon in a, and b) that divides the body in anterior and posterior sections, sagittal plane is a vertical plane (blue polygon in a, and c) that separates the body in right and left halves, and transverse or axial plane (red polygon in a, and d, and blue lines in e) that is a horizontal plane, parallel to the ground, perpendicular to both the sagittal and coronal planes. Muscle diagram (f, g, and h) and Axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (i, j, k) of the pelvis (f and i), thighs (g and j), and legs (h and k) from a 10 years old male patient without muscular dystrophy. The thigh (g) and legs (h) are divided in anterior (green area in g and h), medial (blue area in g), posterior (orange area in g, and h), and lateral (red area in h) compartments. Muscles of the pelvis (f and i): MA: Gluteus maximus; ME: Gluteus medius; and MI: Gluteus minimus. Muscles of the thighs (g and j): VL: Vastus lateralis; VM: Vastus medialis; VI: Vastus intermedius; RF: Rectus femoris; S: Sartorius; G: Gracilis; AM: Adductor magnus; AL: Adductor longus; BF: Biceps femoris long head; BS: Biceps femoris short head; ST: Semitendinosus; and SM: Semimembranosus. Muscles of the legs (h and k): TA: Tibialis anterior; E: Extensor group (extensor digitorum longus, and extensor hallucis longus); P: Peroneus group (peroneus longus, and peroneus brevis); TP: Tibialis posterior; SO: Soleus; GM: Gastrocnemius medialis; and GL: Gastrocnemius lateralis. R: right, L: left